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HelpTest Code NGHIS MayoComplete Histiocytic Neoplasms, Next-Generation Sequencing, Varies
Shipping Instructions
Whole blood, bone marrow aspirate, and body fluid specimens must arrive within 14 days of collection.
Specimen Required
Submit only 1 of the following specimens:
Specimen Type: Bone marrow aspirate
Container/Tube:
Preferred: Lavender or pink top (EDTA) or yellow top (ACD)
Acceptable: Green top (sodium heparin)
Specimen Volume: 2 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Invert several times to mix bone marrow.
2. Send bone marrow specimen in original tube. Do not aliquot.
3. Label specimen as bone marrow.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred) 14 days/Refrigerate
Specimen Type: Whole blood
Container/Tube:
Preferred: Lavender or pink top (EDTA) or yellow top (ACD)
Acceptable: Green top (sodium heparin)
Specimen Volume: 3 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Invert several times to mix blood.
2. Send whole blood specimen in original tube. Do not aliquot.
3. Label specimen as peripheral blood.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred) 14 days/Refrigerate
Specimen Type: Paraffin-embedded tissue
Container/Tube: Paraffin block
Collection Instructions:
1. Send 1 representative slide stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
2. Minimum amount of tumor nuclei is 20%.
3. Required amount of tissue area is at least 25 mm(2).
4. Tissue should be fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. Other fixatives are not acceptable.
5. Decalcified specimens (eg, bone marrow core biopsies) are not acceptable.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient
Specimen Type: Tissue slide
Slides: 10 unstained slides
Container/Tube: Transport in plastic slide holders.
Collection Instructions:
1. Send 10 unstained, nonbaked slides with 5-micron thick sections of tissue and 1 representative slide stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
2. Minimum amount of tumor nuclei is 20%.
3. Required amount of tissue area is at least 25mm(2).
4. Tissue should be fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. Other fixatives are not acceptable.
5. Decalcified specimens (eg, bone marrow core biopsies) are not acceptable.
Specimen Stability Information: Ambient
Specimen Type: Frozen tissue
Container/Tube: Plastic container
Specimen Volume: 100 mg
Collection Instructions: Freeze tissue within 1 hour of collection
Specimen Stability Information: Frozen
Specimen Type: Body fluid
Container/Tube: Sterile container
Specimen Volume: 5 mL
Specimen Stability Information: Refrigerated 14 days/Frozen
Specimen Type: Extracted DNA
Container/Tube: 1.5- to 2-mL tube
Specimen Volume: Entire specimen
Collection Instructions:
1. Label specimen as extracted DNA and source of specimen
2. Indicate volume and concentration of DNA on label
Specimen Stability Information: Frozen (preferred)/Refrigerated/Ambient
Forms
Useful For
Aiding in establishing diagnosis, refining prognosis, and potentially identifying targeted therapies for the optimal management of patients with histiocytic neoplasms
Genetics Test Information
This test includes next-generation sequencing to evaluate the following 8 genes and select intronic regions: ARAF, BRAF, CSF1R, KRAS, MAP2K1, NRAS, PIK3CA, and PTEN. For a list of genes and exons targeted by this test, see Targeted Genes Interrogated by MayoComplete Histiocytic Neoplasms Next-Generation Sequencing.
Special Instructions
Method Name
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Reporting Name
Histiocytic Neoplasms, NGS, VSpecimen Type
VariesSpecimen Minimum Volume
Whole blood, bone marrow aspirate, body fluid: 1 mL; Frozen tissue: 50 mg; Extracted DNA: 100 microliters (mcL) at 20 ng/mcL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Varies | Varies | 14 days |
Reject Due To
| Gross hemolysis | Reject |
| Gross lipemia | OK |
| Specimens that have been decalcified (all methods) Bone marrow core biopsies Paraffin shavings Fixatives other than 10% neutral-buffered formalin for paraffin-embedded tissue Moderately to severely clotted bone marrow aspirate |
Reject |
Clinical Information
Histiocytic neoplasms are a diverse group of disorders characterized by the infiltration of neoplastic histiocytes within various tissues. Traditionally classification has been based on histopathology and limited immunohistochemical markers, as well as specific clinical presentations. Distinction between entities can be diagnostically difficult. Recently, genomic profiling by next-generation sequencing has revealed recurrent mutations in several genes that can be used to better subclassify entities in this challenging group of neoplasms. Furthermore, mutations involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (eg, BRAF, MAP2K1) have potential therapeutic implications for the use of targeted BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Reference Values
An interpretive report will be provided.
Interpretation
Genomic variants detected by this test will be documented in a detailed laboratory-issued report. This report will contain information regarding the detected alterations and their associations with prognosis or possible therapeutic implications in histiocytic neoplasms. The information in the clinical report may be used by the patient’s clinician to help guide decisions concerning management. Final interpretation of next-generation sequencing results requires correlation with all relevant clinical, pathologic, and laboratory findings and is the responsibility of the managing clinician.
Cautions
This test is a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel assay that encompasses 8 genes with variable full exon, partial region (including select intronic or noncoding regions), or hot spot coverage (depending on specific genetic locus). Therefore, this test will not detect other genetic abnormalities in genes or regions outside the specified target areas. The test detects single-base substitutions (ie, point mutations), as well as small insertion or deletion type events. This test is not configured to detect structural genomic rearrangements (ie, translocations), gene fusions, copy number alterations, or large-scale (segmental chromosome region) deletions and other complex genomic changes.
This assay does not distinguish between somatic and germline alterations in analyzed gene regions, particularly with variant allele frequencies near approximately 50% or 100%. If nucleotide alterations in genes associated with germline mutation syndromes are present and there is a strong clinical suspicion or family history of malignant disease predisposition, additional genetic testing and appropriate counseling may be indicated. Some apparent mutations classified as variants of undetermined significance may represent rare or low population frequency polymorphisms.
Prior treatment for hematologic malignancy could affect the results obtained in this assay. Particularly, a prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant may cause difficulties in either resolving somatic or polymorphic alterations or in assigning variant calls correctly to donor and recipient fractions, if pertinent clinical or laboratory information (eg, chimerism engraftment status) is not provided.
Inadequate samples (eg, insufficient DNA quantity or quality) will preclude further testing and will be noted in the interpretive report. For formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimens, NGS testing should not be pursued if the quality of the biopsy specimen is poor (eg, limited sample size, presence of extensive necrosis or fibrosis), or the target tumor cell population is low (<20%).
Clinical Reference
1. Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds: WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. IARC Press; 2017. WHO Classification of Tumours, Vol 2
2. Badalian-Very G, Vergilio JA, Degar BA, et al. Recurrent BRAF mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood. 2010;116(11):1919-1923. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-04-279083
3. Haroche J, Charlotte F, Arnaud L, et al. High prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations in Erdheim-Chester disease but not in other non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses. Blood. 2012;120(13):2700-2703. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-05-430140
4. Diamond EL, Durham BH, Haroche J, et al. Diverse and targetable kinase alterations drive histiocytic neoplasms. Cancer Discov. 2016;6(2):154-165. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0913
5. Durham BH, Lopez Rodrigo E, Picarsic J, et al. Activating mutations in CSF1R and additional receptor tyrosine kinases in histiocytic neoplasms. Nat Med. 2019;25(12):1839-1842. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0653-6
Method Description
This is a target-enriched next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. DNA is extracted from validated specimen sources including, but not limited to, peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirate, and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Library preparation for NGS is performed, followed by probe hybridization and capture. Sequencing of the final sample library is performed on a NGS instrument. Following bioinformatic processing of the sequencing data, the sequencing results are interpreted to provide a final clinical report. Genomic alterations are called according to human genome reference build GRCh37 (hg19).(Unpublished Mayo method)
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Report Available
16 to 21 daysSpecimen Retention Time
Bone marrow aspirate/whole blood: 2 weeks; DNA: 3 months; Tissue: 1 month; FFPE tissue: Unused portions of blocks will be returned to the client; Unstained slides/body fluid: Not retainedPerforming Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Test Classification
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.CPT Code Information
81450
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| NGHIS | Histiocytic Neoplasms, NGS, V | 104240-7 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| MP077 | Specimen Type | 31208-2 |
| MP078 | Indication for Test | 42349-1 |
| 618525 | NGHIS Result | No LOINC Needed |
| 618526 | Pathogenic Mutations Detected | 82939-0 |
| 618527 | Interpretation | 69047-9 |
| 618529 | Variants of Unknown Significance | 93367-1 |
| 618530 | Additional Information | 48767-8 |
| 618528 | Clinical Trials | 82786-5 |
| 618531 | Method Summary | 85069-3 |
| 618532 | Disclaimer | 62364-5 |
| 618533 | Panel Gene List | 36908-2 |
| 618534 | Reviewed By | 18771-6 |